Answer:

  JPanel fatPanel   = new JPanel();
  JPanel calPanel   = new JPanel();
  JPanel perPanel   = new JPanel();
  
  public percentFatPanel()   
  {  
    fatPanel.add( fatLabel );
    fatPanel.add( inFat );
    calPanel.add( calLabel );
    calPanel.add( inCal );
    perPanel.add( perLabel );
    perPanel.add( outPer );
    . . . .
  }

BoxLayout Layout Manager

Now add the top label, the three panels, and the button to the content pane. We want these to line up in a vertical column. FlowLayout would do this if the frame is not too wide. But to be certain that the panels line up, use BoxLayout. This layout manager aligns components either horizontally or vertically within a pane.

BoxLayout(Container box, int axis) 

    box:  the container this layout manager is for
            
    axis: BoxLayout.X_AXIS  -- for left to right alignment
          BoxLayout.Y_AXIS  -- for top to bottom alignment

box is a reference to the container which will be managed by this layout manager. Often the container is a content pane.

QUESTION 6:

Set the layout manager for out application. Make the layout top to bottom.

public class percentFatPan extends JFrame implements ActionListener
{

  
  public percentFatPanel()   
  {  
    getContentPane().setLayout( 
        new BoxLayout(  ,  );  
   . . . . .

(Fill the text fields using copy and paste from the above paragraphs.)